Three key issues of urban renewal: Approaches for Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2i2020Keywords:
urban renewal, land assembly, recovery of urban infrastructure, social sustainability, TurkeyAbstract
In many countries, urban policies and urban planning increasingly favor urban renewal more than new urban development. However, the urban renewal processes are challenging because of ‘land assembly’, ‘recovery of urban infrastructure’, and ‘social sustainability. The success of the urban renewal processes is closely related to these three key issues because they can affect directly social, economic, and political costs and time periods. The aim of the article analyzes approaches and their outcomes for three keys issues faced in urban renewal processes in the Turkish case. Such an analysis offers insight into policies that can help to overcome three key issues faced in urban renewal and to promote sustainable urban renewal.
Metrics
References
- Adair, A., Berry, B., McGreal, S. (2003) Financing Property’s Contribution to Regeneration, Urban Studies, 40 (5-6), 1065-1080.
- Adams, D., Disberry, A., Hutchison, N., & Munjoma, T. (2001). Ownership constraints to brownfield redevelopment. Environment and Planning A,33(3), 453-477.
- Adams, D., Hastings, E.M. (2001) Urban Renewal in Hong Kong: Transition from Development Corporation to Renewal Authority, Land Use Policy, 18, 245-258.
- Alterman R. (2010), Takings International: A Comparative Perspective on Land Use Regulations and Compensation Rights, Chicago: American Bar Association Publications.
- Alterman, R. (2007), More than land assembly: Land readjustment for supply of urban public services, In Yu-Hung Hong & B. Needham, Analyzing land readjustment: Economics, law, and collective action, pp. 57-88, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Azuela, A., Herrera-Martin (2009) Taking Land Around the World: International Trends in Expropriation for Urban and Infrastructure Projects, In: Somik V. Lall, Mila Freire, Belinda Yuen, Robin Rajack, Jean-Jacques Helluin (Eds.), Urban Land Markets, p.337-362, Springer.
- Balaban, O. (2012) The negative effects of construction boom on urban planning and environment in Turkey: Unravelling the role of the public sector. Habitat International, 36, 26- 35.
- Burchell R.W., Mukherji S. (2003) Conventional Development Versus Managed Growth: The Costs of Sprawl, American Journal of Public Health, 91 (9), 1534-1540
- Carpenter, D. M., Ross, J. K. (2009) Testing O’Connor and Thomas: does the use of eminent domain target poor and minority communities?, Urban Studies, 46(11), pp. 2447–2461.
- Chan, E.H.W., Lee, G.K.L. (2008) Critical factors for improving social sustainability of urban renewal projects, Social Indicators Research, 85(2),243-256.
- Clark, G.L. (2005) Setting the agenda: the geography of global finance, School of Gegraphy and the Environment Working Paper Series WP 05-03, Oxford.
- Colantonio, A., Dixon, T. (2011) Urban Regeneration and Social Sustainability: Best Practice from European Cities, ISBN: 978-1-405-19419-8.
- Codecasa, G., Ponzini, D. (2011) Public-Private Partnership: A Delusion for Urban Regeneration? Evidence from Italy, European Planning Studies, 19(4),648-667.
- Cuthill, M. (2010). Strengthening the ‘social’ in sustainable development: Developing a conceptual framework for social sustainability in a rapid urban growth region in Australia. Sustainable Development, 18(6), 362-373.
- Dinçer, İ. (2011) The Impact of Neoliberal Policies on Historic Urban Space: Areas of Urban Renewal in Istanbul, International Planning Studies, 16 (1), 43-60.
- Ennis, F. (2003) Infrastructure Provision and Negotiating Process, England, Ashgate Publishing Limited.
- Eraydin, A., Taşan-Kok, T. (2013) State response to contemporary urban movements in Turkey: A critical overview of state entrepreneurialism and authoritarian interventions, Antipode, 46 (1), 110-129.
- Fox-Rogers, L., Murphy, E. (2015) From brown envelopes to community benefits: The co-option of planning gain agreements under deepening neoliberalism, Geoforum, 67, 41-50
- Graham, S. (2000) Cities and Infrastructure Networks, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24 (1), 114-119.
- Graham, S., Marvin, S. (2001) Splintering Urbanism Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition, Roudledge Pub,. London and New York, ISBN 0-415-18965-9.
- Günay, Z. Koramaz, K., Ozuekren, S. (2015) From squatter upgrading to large-scale renewal programmes: housing renewal in Turkey, Renewing Europe’s Housing 2015, 215-244.
- Gümüşbağ, B. (2009) Katılım Ekseninde Kentsel Dönüşüm: Altındağ Aktaş Mahallesi Örneği (Urban Renewal on the Axis of Participation: The Example of Altındağ Aktaş District), Unpublished Msc Thesis, Ankara Üniv. Sosyal Bil. Enst., Ankara (in Turkish).
- Gür, S., Türk, Ş. Ş. (2014). 6306 Sayılı Kanunla Yeniden Ortaya Çıkan Bina Ölçeğinde Kentsel Yenileme Pratiği: Bağcılar İlçesi Örneği (Urban Renewal Practice at the Scale of Buildings Reappeared with the Law No. 6306: The Case of Bağcılar District), 38. Dünya Şehircilik Günü Kolokyumu (s. 623-650), İstanbul: TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, (in Turkish).
- Güzey, O. (2016) The last round in restructuring the city: Urban regeneration becomes a state policy of disaster prevention in Turkey, Cities, 50, 40-53.
- Ha, S. K. (2001) Developing a community-based approach to urban redevelopment, GeoJournal, 53, 39-45.
- Ha, S.K. (2004) New shantytowns and the urban marginalized in Seoul Metropolitan Region, Habitat International, 28 (1), 123-141.
- Hamidi,S., Zandiatashbar, A. (2021) Compact development and adherence to stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in the United States, Landscape and Urban Planning, 103952
- Heller, M., Hill, R. (2008) Land assembly districts, Harward Law Review, 121(6), 1465-1527.
- Health, T. (2001) Adaptive re-use of offices for residential use: The experiences of London and Toronto, Cities, 18 (3), 173-184.
- Home, R. (2007) Land readjustment as a method development land assembly, Town Planning Review, 78 (4), 459-484.
- Ho, D.C.W., Yau, Y., Poon, S.W.,Liusman, E. (2012) Achieving Sustainable Urban Renewal in Hong Kong: Strategy for Dilapidation Assessment of High Rises, Journal of Urban Planning and Development 138(2),153-165.
- Hong, Y. H. (2007). Assembling land for urban development: Issues and Opportunities. In Yu-Hung Hong and B. Needham (Eds.), Analyzing land readjustment: Economics, law, and collective action, 3-36, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Hong, Y., Needham, B. (2007) Analyzing land readjustment: economics, law and collective action (pp. 115-134). Cambridge, USA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
- Ingram, G. K., Hong, Y.H. (Ed.), (2012). Value Capture and Land Policies. 6. Annual Land Policy Conference. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
- Jacobs, H.M., Bassett, E.M. (2011) All Sound, No Fury? The Impacts of State-based Kelo Laws, Planning and Environmental Law, 63.2, p.3-8.
- Karaman, O. (2013) Urban renewal in Istanbul: reconfigured spaces, robotic lives, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(2), 715–733.
- Kısar Koramaz,E., Koramaz, K., Özer, Ö. (2018) Urban transformation through property-led regeneration: A case of building renewals in Istanbul, ITU A|Z , 15 (2), 183-196.
- Korthals Altes, W.K. (2007) The impact of abolishing social-housing grants on the compact-city policy of Dutch municipalities, Environment and Planning A 39 (6), 1497-1512.
- Korthals Altes, W.K. (2014) Taking planning seriously: Compulsory purchase for urban planning in the Netherlands, Cities, 41,71–80.
- Korthals Altes, W.K. (2016) Forced relocation and tenancy law in Europe, Cities, 52, p. 79–85.
- Kürşat, Z. (2013). 6306 Sayılı Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi Hakkında Kanunun Özel Hukuk Alanındaki Etkileri. M. Yasin, & C. Şahin içinde, Kentsel Dönüşüm Hukuku (s. 19-48). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi S.S. ONAR İdare Hukuku ve İlimleri Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayınları.
- Kuyucu, T. (2013) Law, Property and ambiguity: The uses and abuses of legal ambiguity in remaking Istanbul’s informal settlements, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, DOI: 10.111/1468-2427.12026.
- Kuyucu, T. (2018) Türkiye’de kentsel dönüşümün dönüşümü: hukuki ve kurumsal çatışmalar üzerinden bir açıklama denemesi (The Transformation of urban transformation in Turkey: An institutional analysis), Idealkent, 24 (9), 364-386 (in Turkish).
- Kuyucu, T., Unsal, O. (2010) 'Urban Transformation' as State-led Property Transfer: An Analysis of Two Cases of Urban Renewal in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 47(7), 1479–1499.
- Islam, T., Enlil, Z. (2010) 5366 Sayılı Yasa Merkezli Dönüşüm ve Sulukula Örneği: Belediye’nin Hedefleri ve Yaşanan Gerçeklik (Law-Centered Transformation No. 5366 and the Example of Sulukule: The Goals of the Municipality and the Living Reality) D. Özdemir (Ed.) Kentsel Dönüşümde Politika, Mevzuat, Uygulama, Ankara: Nobel Yayın. p. 317-334 (in Turkish)
- Larbi, W.O., Antwi, A., Olomolaiye,P (2004) Compulsory land acquisition in Ghana—policy and praxis,Land Use Policy, Land Use Policy 21(2),115-127.
- Lees, L., Shin, H.B., Lopez-Morales, E. (2015) Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement, Policy Press, Bristol.
- Lees, L., Slater,T. , Wyly,E. (2010) The Gentrification Reader, Routledge: London.
- Lehavi, A., Licht, A. (2007) Eminent domain, Columbia Law Review, 107, 1704-1748.
- Louw, E (2008) Land assembly for urban transformation: the case of ‘s Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands. Land Use Policy 25(1), 69–80.
- Mathur, S. (2013) Self-financing Urbanization: Insights from the Use of Town Planning Schemes in Ahmadabad, India. Cities 31:308–316.
- Miceli, T.J. and C.F. Sirmans (2007) The holdout problem, urban sprawl and eminent domain, Journal of Housing Economics 16, 309-19.
- Moss, T. (2008) ‘Cold spots’ of Urban Infrastructure: ‘Shrinking’ Processes in Eastern Germany and the Modern Infrastructural Ideal, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2008, 32 (2), 436-451.
- Murie, A., Musterd, S. (2004) Social exclusion and opportunity structures in European cities and neighbourhoods, Urban studies 41 (8), p.1441-1459.
- Murphy, K. (2012) The social pillar of sustainable development: A literature review and framework for policy analysis, Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, 8(1), 15-29.
- Ocakçı, M., Türk, Ş.Ş., Terzi F. (2017) Kentsel Dönüşüm Uygulamalarında Planlama İlke ve Kriterleri (Planning Principles and Criteria in Urban Renewal Practices), Birsen Yayınevi, ISBN: 9789755116709, (in Turkish).
- Ozkan H.A, Turk S.S. (2016) Emergence, formation and outcomes of flexibility in Turkish planning practice, International Development Planning Review (IDPR), 38 (1), s. 25-54.
- Özcivan, K. (2016) Kentsel Dönüşüm Alanlarındaki Farklı Hak Sahiplerinin Uzlaşma Eğilimleri: Gaziosmanpaşa İlçesi Sarıgöl ve Yenidoğan Mahalleleri (Negotiation Practices of Different Rights Holders in Urban Renewal Areas: Gaziosmanpaşa District Sarıgöl and Yenidogan Neighborhoods), Unpublished Msc Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul (in Turkish)
- Özden, P.P. (2016) Kentsel Yenileme (Urban Renewal), 2nd Editon, Imge Pub, Ankara (in Turkish).
- Özsunay, E. (2015) 6306 Sayılı Kanun ve Kentsel Dönüşüm Uygulamalarına İlişkin Düşünceler (Thoughts on Law No. 6306 and Urban Renewal Practices), Istanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık (in Turkish).
- Parés, M., Marti-Costa, M., Blanco, I. (2014) Geographies of Governance: How Place Matters in Urban Regeneration Policies, Urban Studies, 51(15), 3250-3267
- Peck, J., Tickell, A. (2002) Neoliberalising space, Antipode, 34, 380-404.
- Shin, H. B. (2009) Property-based redevelopment and gentrification: the case of Seoul, South Korea Geoforum, 40 (5), p. 906-917.
- Shin, H.B. (2017) Property-based redevelopment and gentrification: The case of Seoul, South Korea, Geoforum, 40(5), 906-917.
- Spaans, M., Janssen-Jansen, L., M. Van Der Veen (2011) Market-oriented compensation instruments: lessons for Dutch urban redevelopment, Town Planning Review, 82(4), 425-440.
- Steen, M. (2004) Social exclusion and inner city Europe: regulating urban regeneration. Palgrave, Basingstoke,
- Šumrada, R., Ferlan, M., Lisec, A. (2013) Acquisition and expropriation of real property for the public benefit in Slovenia, Land Use Policy, 32,14-22.
- Şen, B., & Öktem Ünsal, B. (2014) Derbent- Memeleketin İşçi Mahallesi ya da Küresel Kentin "Hukuksuz" Gecekondu Alanı (Derbent- The Workers' Quarter of the Hometown or the "Unlawful" Slum Area of the Global City), A. Türkün içinde, Mülk, Mahal, İnsan - İstanbul'da Kentsel Dönüşüm (s. 189-225). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları (in Turkish).
- Şen, B., & Türkmen, H. (2014) Başıbüyük- Bir Kentsel Dönüşüm Sınaması (Başıbüyük- An Urban Renewal Challenge), A. Türkün içinde, Mülk, Mahal, İnsan - İstanbul'da Kentsel Dönüşüm (s. 143-188), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, (in Turkish).
- Tarakcı, S., Turk, S.S (2021a) Public value capturing in urban renewal: the fikirtepe case (Istanbul, Turkey), Journal of Housing and Built Environment, 1-31, DOI: 10.1007/s10901-021-09849-6.
- Tarakçı and Turk, (2021 b, Fortcoming) Public Value Capture Capacity in the Urban Renewal Project Process: Fikirtepe Case, ICE Municipal Engineer,
- Tarakçı, S.,Turk, S. S. (2019) Türkiye’de Kentsel Yenileme Projelerinde Artan Değerin Kazanımında Plan Notunun Kullanımı – Fikirtepe Örneğı. 4. Uluslararası Kent Araştırmaları Kongresi. Ankara
- Tarakçı, S., Türk, Ş. Ş. (2020) Shaping of Flexibility in Urban Renewal Legal Sources in Turkey and Its Effect on Practices, ICONARP, 8 (2), 652-671.
- Tarakcı, S., Turk, S.S. (2015) Istanbul’da Deprem Riskinin Azaltilmasi Gerekçesine Dayali Kentsel Yenileme Uygulamalari (Urban Renewal Practices in Istanbul Due to Mitigation of the Risk of Earthquake), 8th National Earthquake Engineering Conference, May 11-14, 2015, Istanbul (in Turkish)
- Torrance, M.I. (2008) Forging global governance? Urban infrastructures as Networked financial products? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 32.1, 1-21.
- Turk, S. S., Korthals Altes, W. K. (2013) Some lessons from Turkish urban regeneration policy and practice, In: Michael Leary and John McCarthy (Eds.), Companion to Urban Regeneration, Routledge pub., 383-392. 978-0-415-53904-3.
- Turk, S.S. (2014) Land Readjustment Experience in Turkey, Urban Legal Case Studies, Volume 3, UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2014, ISBN Number (Volume): 978-92-1-132637-6.
- Turk, S.S. (2018) Comparison of the impacts of non-negotiable and negotiable developer obligations in Turkey, Habitat International, 75, 122-130.
- Turk, S.S., Demircioğlu, E. (2013) Using of market-led measures for land assembly in Turkey, Habitat International, Vol. 40, 2013, pp. 201-210
- Turk, S.S., Korthals Altes, W.K. (2010) How suitable is LR for renewal of inner city areas? An analysis for Turkey, Cities, Vol. 27, Issue 5, pp. 226-336.
- Turk, S.S., Ozcivan, K. (2017) Negotiation Processes in Urban Renewal Projects in Turkey:The Sarigöl-Gaziosmanpaşa Case, ENHR, Albania, Tiran, 4 September 2017.
- Turk, S.S., Tarakcı, S., Gürsoy, N. (2020) A large-scale urban renewal project in a vicious cycle of commons and anticommons: The Fikirtepe case (Istanbul, Turkey), Habitat International, 102, 102209.
- Türkün A. (2014) Mülk, mahal, insan: İstanbul’da kentsel dönüşüm (Property, place, people: Urban transformation in Istanbul) İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 79-139 (in Turkish).
- Türkün, A., Sarioglu, A. (2014) Tarlabaşı: Tarihî Kent Merkezinde Yoksulluk veDışlanan Kesimler Üzerinden Yeni Bir Tarih Yazılıyor (Tarlabaşı: A New History Is Written on Poverty and Excluded Sections in the Historical City Center) , A. Türkün (Ed.), In: Mülk, mahal, insan: İstanbul’da kentsel dönüşüm, İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 267-307 (in Turkish).
- Türkün,A., Öktem Ünsal, B (2014) Tozkoparan: bir sosyal mesken alanının tasfiyesi (Tozkoparan: clearance of a social housing area) A. Türkün içinde, Mülk, Mahal, İnsan - İstanbul'da Kentsel Dönüşüm (s. 311-348). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları
- Unsal, F., Turk, S.S. (2014) Legal and institutional context of urban planning and urban renewal in Turkey: Thinking on Istanbul. Eds. G.Erkut ve M.R. Shrazi, The Case of Beyoğlu, Istanbul Dimensions of Urban Re-development, p.15-30.
- URL-1, https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/emlak/8-yilda-610-bin-konut-kentsel-donusum-icin-yikildi-41452458.
- Van de Krabben, E., Needham, B. (2008) Land readjustment for value capturing: A new planning tool for urban redevelopment, Town Planning Review, 79,16, 651-672.
- Van Straalen, F.M., Korthals Altes, W.K.(2016) Compulsory purchase for biodiversity conservation in the Netherlands, Land Use Policy, 38, p. 223-232.
- Verhage, R. (2005) Renewing urban renewal in France, the UK and the Netherlands: Introduction, Journal of Housing and Built Environment, 20, 215-227.
- Wang, H., Shen, Q., Tang, B., Lu, C., Peng, Y., Tang, L.(2014) A framework of decision-making factors and supporting information for facilitating sustainable site planning in urban renewal projects, Cities,40, 44-55.
- Webber, C., Marshall, A. (2007) Bridging the gap: Delivering infrastructure investment in Britain’s cities, Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 1, p.7-21.
- Zheng, W.Z., Shen, G.O., Wang, H. (2014) A review of recent studies on sustainable urban renewal, Habitat International, 41, 272-279.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Sevkiye Sence Turk
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.