Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #808080;"><strong>JOURNAL of DESIGN for RESILIENCE in ARCHITECTURE and PLANNING (DRArch)</strong> is interested in designs and design methods the approach of foreseeing the future, long-term, sustainable, being able to synthesize technological developments with inspiration and aesthetics. Resilience means the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties with the ability of adaptation. Resilient design and resilient city are deal with better living. <strong>DRArch</strong> is not only on the concept of resilience design mentioned in the literature, but also on the anticipation of future designs in the rapidly changing and transforming modern world. Design for resilience is to adapt to change, to develop innovative tools, to use technology for people and the environment, dealing with flexibility, durability, mobility and humanity. <strong>DRArch</strong> provides a new forum to bring together existing design accumulation with futuristic approach to create better and happier built environment. DRArch aims to fill that gap. DRArch is a free, open access, scholarly international, e-journal considers original research articles, viewpoints, book reviews in peer-reviewed.</span></p>Mehmet Topcuen-USJournal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning2757-6329A comparative impact chain analysis of 1999 Kocaeli and 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/188
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Resilience in the face of crises is crucial for minimizing the impact of disasters and enabling rapid recovery. This study delves into the interlinked consequences of two seismic events that significantly impacted Türkiye in 1999 and 2023. Using an impact chain analysis, the aim is to provide a thorough understanding of the extensive effects on structures, infrastructure, and socio-economic dynamics. The research also examines the evolution of disaster management practices from the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake to the more recent seismic events in 2023, highlighting advancements in risk management and resilience. Structurally, both seismic events revealed vulnerabilities in building design, emphasizing seismic shortcomings that led to widespread damage. Earthquakes exert a profound impact on critical infrastructure, affecting transportation, communication, and energy systems, with cascading effects that extend to the broader socio-economic landscape. The effectiveness of the methodology, particularly, the Impact Chain analysis, is emphasized as it reveals complex causal relationships. Visual representations support effective communication and collaboration among stakeholders, offering a holistic perspective on systemic risks. In conclusion, this study contributes to understanding disaster resilience and provides a foundation for subsequent research, policy formulation, and pragmatic strategies for disaster preparedness and response.</span></p>Caglar GoksuSeda KundakKerem Yavuz ArslanlıAhmet Atıl AşıcıDuygu KalkanlıAli Yılmaz
Copyright (c) 2023 Caglar Goksu, Seda Kundak, Kerem Yavuz Arslanlı, Ahmet Atıl Aşıcı, Duygu Kalkanlı, Ali Yılmaz
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)516410.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si109The use of AI algorithms in architecture, engineering and construction: A tool for crisis prevention? The uncertainty perspective
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/184
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Within the Architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector we see movements toward greater use of industrial robots, machine learning, algorithms, and other artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Yet, the AEC industry, despite being one of the largest fields on a global scale, is known for being the slowest to digitalize and innovate. Factors such as unrecognizing the value of digitalization by the decision-makers and making safety-related decisions under high levels of uncertainty, appear to be critical in preventing successful large-scale digitalization. This situation raises multiple questions from a risk science perspective. How, among other things, might the expansion of AI and more specifically AI algorithms usage in the AEC field affect uncertainties, and could AI be considered a tool for preventing crises? To obtain responses to these questions, we conducted 21 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with AEC employees who are currently using AI and AI algorithms or will soon be doing so in their everyday work. Our findings show potential for wider use within the AEC field, subject to overcoming knowledge gaps. Moreover, although having the potential to reduce some uncertainties, the increased use of AI and AI algorithms appears to be introducing an entirely new set of uncertainties. As a result, although AI may effectively prevent certain crises and be regarded as crisis prevention tool, its inadequate implementation could potentially create new risks.</span></p>Sanja Mrksic KovacevicFrederic Bouder
Copyright (c) 2023 Sanja Mrksic Kovacevic, Frederic Bouder
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)395010.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si108Resilience of hospital in disaster
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/182
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Disasters and crisis situations are unforeseen events. When a disaster occurs, the most critical step after the intervention at the scene is the health and treatment services provided in hospitals. Since it is of vital importance that hospitals, where health services are provided, are accessible and operational when faced with natural and man-made disasters such as earthquakes, fires, epidemics, CBRN events, wars, and crises such as cyber-attacks, economic problems, hospitals must protect themselves against a disaster hazard and plan what to do during and after the disaster. This review was written to emphasize the importance of hospitals and their resilience in times of crisis and disaster.Hospitals can enhance their resilience by strengthening both their physical and social aspects. It is essential to create resistance in hospitals not against specific dangers such as fire and earthquake, but against all crises that may occur in the system. A hospital must first identify its structural and non-structural risks to enhance its physical resilience. To enhance social resilience, a hospital should plan its organisations and human resources, establish accurate information communication, and engage in logistics and financial planning. It is crucial to guarantee uninterrupted patient care and all supportive services. Measures should be taken for decontamination and evacuation of patients when necessary while also ensuring the overall security of the hospital. As a result, hospital resilience plays a critical role in maintaining healthcare services, effectively managing emergencies, and generally protecting public health. Further studies are needed to strengthen this resistance.</span></p>Rümeyza KazancıoğluÖzcan Erdoğan
Copyright (c) 2023 Ozcan Erdogan, Rümeyza Kazancıoğlu
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)14115110.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si115The Rebasification of the Roman theatre in mediaeval Zaragoza
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/180
<p style="font-weight: 400;">This study aims to illustrate the formation of the urban tissue over the Roman theatre in the walled core of Zaragoza. Within the scope of the study, the typological plan of the city was prepared using the building surveys taken in 1911, and the plan was interpreted as a historical organism. The basic types in the city are determined, and methods of the process-based typology are used to reveal the formation process of a selected urban tissue that is an example of the rebasification of a specialized building. In this example, a Roman theatre was repurposed as a foundation for constructing residential buildings and affected the formation process of the urban block until its discovery.</p>Özge ÖzkuvancıAlessandro Camiz
Copyright (c) 2023 Özge Özkuvancı, Alessandro Camiz
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)37237910.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3103Learning from stress: Transforming trauma into sustainable risk reduction
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/179
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><a name="OLE_LINK4"></a><span lang="EN-US">This study explores the collective learning process that evolved in the cities, towns, and districts damaged in the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye. Employing a multi-methods approach and a dataset comprising a review of relevant documents, semi-structured interviews, and field observations, we examine four fundamental stages of collective learning – knowledge acquisition, information distribution, interpretation, and organizational memory – in assessing the learning process in communities exposed to the devastation and trauma of the earthquakes. The study highlights the importance of adaptation, change, and collective growth as communities struggle to cope with the demands incurred by the disaster, and identifies factors that inhibit such growth in practice. In the aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, individuals and organizations sought to adapt their existing knowledge and practices to meet the challenges posed by recovery from this disaster and to build a consensual understanding of changes needed to achieve sustainable reduction of continuing seismic risk. The study underscores the vital Importance of timely and accurate Information In enabling Individuals and organizations to make informed decisions during and after the chaos engendered by the earthquakes. It highlights the pivotal role of technology in bridging communication gaps and facilitating the flow of critical information. The study concludes by identifying inaccurate information as the most harmful characteristic inhibiting collective learning, and by emphasizing the importance of aligning collective learning processes simultaneously among diverse groups within the community and across jurisdictional levels of operation. This study offers valuable insights into how to translate collective learning from traumatic events into sustained measures to reduce the risk of future disasters, going beyond resilience to achieve sustainable risk reduction. By understanding the factors that drive collective learning and the challenges that can arise, policymakers and practitioners can develop more effective strategies for supporting collective learning in the aftermath of extreme events.</span></p>Louise K. ComfortSüleyman ÇelikBerna Burçak Başbuğ Erkan
Copyright (c) 2023 Louise K. Comfort, Suleyman Celik, Burcak Basbug Erkan
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)253810.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si107Uneven resilience of urban and rural areas to heatwaves
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/176
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Extreme heat represents one of the most challenging climate change impacts of the Anthropocene, exerting influence not only on the economy and built environment but also on daily human life, posing threats to health. Within the existing literature, heatwaves and extreme heat phenomena have predominantly been examined at the urban scale, emphasizing the vulnerabilities inherent in urban areas. Conversely, rural areas are often highlighted for their advantages related to the natural environment. However, a broader perspective reveals that rural areas have their unique vulnerabilities that warrant careful consideration. This paper seeks to comparatively assess the vulnerabilities of urban and rural areas. Through an extensive literature review, the paper explores the divergent resilience of urban and rural areas across economic, social, environmental, structural, and governmental factors. The study concludes that both rural and urban areas exhibit distinct advantages and disadvantages, influencing their levels of vulnerability and resilience. This research is instrumental in providing a comprehensive outlook on resilience studies related to extreme heat.</span></p>Aysun Aygün Oğur
Copyright (c) 2023 Aysun Aygün Oğur
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)789410.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si111Observing patterns for the urban fabric as a place shaping continuum on the waterfront of the Haliç area, Istanbul
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/175
<p>This paper examines placemaking and the outcomes of urban design issues in a waterfront area. The fine-grained urban fabric has played an important role in waterfront regeneration schemes globally. Acting towards environmental challenges to provide green spaces has increasingly become a favourable approach since the 2010s. An ideas competition was held in 2020 to address the issues on the waterfront of the Haliç area. The seven semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the competing discourses on each project created by the teams who attempted to deal with the unsolved urban fabric. Making use of a series of semi-structured interviews, this research paper investigates the existence of the urban fabric as a place-shaping continuum in the Halic area.</p>Mehmet Aytekin SaygılıElmira Ayşe Gür
Copyright (c) 2023 Mehmet Aytekin Saygılı, Elmira Ayşe Gür
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)38039910.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3104Land Body Ecologies: The London hub
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/174
<p>This photo essay and accompanying text visualize and represent the work that was based in London, UK of a collective project called Land Body Ecologies (LBE), a global transdisciplinary network exploring the deep interconnections of mental health and ecosystem health. LBE's research and action work combined science, art, and public engagement to understand and redress the ongoing crisis of land trauma among land-dependent and Indigenous peoples who nonetheless display remarkable resilience. The research and action have been rooted within communities seeking resilience for their interlinked culture, environment, and land rights, so that they could comprehend, document, and overcome the crises and traumas endured when their land suffers. LBE's London-based work is presented through photos of the arts-science-community space that anchored the work around the world.</p>Ilan KelmanVictoria PrattAyesha AhmadAmy BalderstonCatherine BaxendaleBen EatonSheila GhelaniSamrawit GougsaHsi-Nong HuangNqatyiswa MenduCecilia Vilela
Copyright (c) 2023 Ilan Kelman, Victoria Pratt, Ayesha Ahmad, Amy Balderston, Catherine Baxendale, Ben Eaton, Sheila Ghelani, Samrawit Gougsa, Hsi-Nong Huang, Nqatyiswa Mendu, Cecilia Vilela, Invisible Flock
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)012410.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si106Building resilience to the expected Marmara earthquake: Preparing for post-disaster population mobility in Istanbul
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/173
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Along with other causes of migration, earthquakes have displaced millions of people worldwide over the last few decades, forcing them to move to other settlements within the country. As an "earthquake country", Turkey, where approximately 70% of its territory is located in the seismic zone, has faced a variety of environmentally forced migration that refers to a variety of demographic movements like evacuation, flight, displacement, resettlement, as well as forced migration. Disasters and disaster-related forced migrations as an aspect of survival anxiety have severe and irreversible consequences for the existence of physical security, human dignity, health, livelihoods, shelter, and social, economic, and cultural structures and processes of societies or their subunits. Therefore, disasters and disaster-induced migration, which can be defined as a process of significant vulnerability, are considered widespread and severe threats to the enjoyment and realisation of fundamental rights. Earthquake-related forced migration phenomenon is a widespread and high-risk factor, and this risk corresponds to a closer and more destructive possibility for the province of Istanbul. Therefore becomes vital to take preventive measures to mitigate the possible destructive effects as well as to eliminate the risks as much as possible. This study aims to determine whether relevant legislation is adequate to provide an effective and sufficient protection mechanism for environmental displacement that may occur in Istanbul after a significant earthquake for the purpose of “building resilience in crisis” in the view of international standards. Thus, it also emphasises the importance of the human rights approach and legal mechanisms in establishing resilience during crises. This study has been prepared by content analysing the disaster and emergency preparedness plans, policy texts, and relevant legal and regulatory provisions related to understanding and managing the earthquake-induced migration scenario in Istanbul.</span></p>Seda Yurtcanlı Duymaz
Copyright (c) 2023 Seda Yurtcanlı Duymaz
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)9510810.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si112Crisis and resilience in psychology
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/171
<p>Crises that occur after natural disasters are real and serious issues that can cause serious depression. A crisis is a situation in which a smooth process suddenly turns into a depression with negative, dangerous consequences. Since our country is in an earthquake-prone region and has experienced earthquakes with great losses, it has a very traumatic history. The concept of crisis, which spreads over a wide area, is a phenomenon that needs to be talked about by drawing boundaries. Natural disasters cause crises, and crises cause trauma. Resilience is the most effective way to deal with natural disasters and the traumas that follow. Resilience can be considered as the ability to adapt to the adverse conditions caused by external factors causing the crisis for disaster management. Psychological resilience is defined as the ability to cope with the negative consequences that may follow a natural disaster and adaptation to a negative situation. The phenomenon of resilience is important for both the individual and the society in societies where major natural disasters such as earthquakes are experienced. This definition of psychological resilience points to an approach that leaves the individual on his/her own in the face of disaster, crisis, and trauma by placing a great responsibility on the individual. However, individuals who have been exposed to natural disasters should not be left on their own and all opportunities should be mobilised to help them. Passive exposure to the wounds caused by natural disasters decays both the individual and the society. Instead, engaging in emotional, mental, social, and artistic investments and taking part in new and multiple fields will benefit the individual and the society in order to tackle the wounds.</p>Meltem Narter
Copyright (c) 2023 Meltem Narter
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)10911610.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si113A timeless journey of strength and beauty: The potentials of the use of stone in architecture
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/170
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Use of stone in architecture has been an enduring and timeless tradition throughout history, withstanding the test of time from ancient civilizations to today’s architecture. The durability, versatility and aesthetic appeal of stone make it an exceptional material for creating striking architectural designs. Stone has been used for centuries, as an integral part of architecture since ancient times and its importance still holds true in contemporary architecture being a popular building material today. In this context, this study examines the key features of stone that make it such a vital material for architectural design by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of using stone for architecture. The paper examines the role of stone in architecture and explores how contemporary projects have utilized stone in innovative and creative ways also delves into the significance and beauty of stone architecture, highlighting its history, durability and aesthetic appeal. The research methodology includes the analysis of case studies of contemporary projects crafted from stone, examining the design process, materials and techniques used. The case studies analyzed in this paper demonstrate the versatility of stone in contemporary architecture. The projects showcase how stone can be used in innovative ways, including the creation of sculptural forms, the incorporation of technology and the utilization of sustainable materials. The paper argues that stone's timeless qualities, durability and versatility make it an ideal material for contemporary architecture, particularly in achieving sustainability and aesthetic appeal. The study concludes that the use of stone in architecture remains crucial in creating robust, sustainable and attractive structures that stand the test of time.</span></p>Serkan Yaşar Erdinç
Copyright (c) 2023 Serkan Yaşar Erdinç
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)31733810.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3100Earthquakes, sustainable settlements and traditional construction techniques
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/168
<p>Urbanization is increasing all around the world due to population growth and big cities receive a high volume of migrants due to economic and social reasons. However, rapid population growth should be prevented in big cities in order to provide comfortable living conditions to the population. When urban planning practices do not catch the speed of urbanization; the tendency towards vertical architecture increases, the amount of green space decreases and problems related to unplanned urbanization come to the fore. These important problems, which have considerably increased recently in Türkiye, may lead greater problems in many respects. The parallel and self-sufficient development of urban and rural areas, which is defined as urban sustainability, is considered as the best-case scenario in urban planning practices. This aim is adopted nowadays by most of the countries in the world as it prevents rapid population growth in cities and depopulation in rural areas. Decisions which are taken to ensure urban sustainability are important for all countries. However, these decisions become even more important in regions with disaster risk. As the majority of Türkiye’s land area is under seismic risk, the problems which may arise due to rapid urbanization during an earthquake should be prevented. The damage and losses which could occur during an earthquake and the security, health, education problems which will arise after the earthquake can be solved by preventing dense housing and uncontrolled migration in urban areas. The connection between urban and rural areas should be strengthened. Besides, the social and economic sustainability of the rural area should be ensured. Settlements should be designed away from fault lines with a holistic approach as “<em>living spaces</em>” which consist components such as; transportation, infrastructure, green spaces and educational spaces. Additionally; the use of appropriate construction techniques and materials should be accepted as a priority. In this context, it can be mentioned that traditional building techniques, which have been developed over centuries and whose deficiencies have been improved during this period, should be preferred especially in rural areas. In this study, the criteria that gain importance in the construction of earthquake resistant and sustainable settlements are evaluated on Türkiye case. The precautions which should be taken to ensure rural sustainability and to prevent the depopulation of rural areas are emphasized. Within this scope, the importance of protecting the architectural texture and regenerating traditional building culture was discussed in constructing earthquake resistant settlements.</p>Gülru Koca
Copyright (c) 2023 Gülru Koca
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)11714010.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si114Family photos and architectural representation: Using photo-collage sketchbook to understand behaviour patterns in family apartment buildings
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/169
<p>This article presents a three-step process of collecting, deconstructing and reconstructing family photos in ethnographic research investigating the sociocultural aspects of behaviour patterns in family apartment buildings. The first author conducted the study for her Ph.D. thesis in architectural design, supervised by the second and third authors. As an architect, the first author created a photo collage sketchbook, combining various representational techniques of her profession with family photographs. While observing the family apartment building and trying to understand the <em>“gecekondu”</em> where the participants lived before the family apartment building, the researcher realised that the interviews were insufficient, and this problem forced the use of a photo collage sketchbook. To synthesise ethnographic knowledge, research started with obtaining family photos. After extracting and grouping, the deconstruction process began. Deconstructed layers are then reconstructed by using various architectural representation techniques and text. This photo collage sketchbook has helped us understand various aspects of the family apartment buildings related to architecture and culture. While doing this, the sketchbook prepared with visual contents combined with short notes represents the data collecting, organising, analysing, interpretation, knowledge-making, and presentation stages. In working with a photo collage sketchbook, obtaining family photographs and overlapping the photographs and interviews’ narratives appear challenging. Therefore, collective interviews have been a critical move to compare and verify the memories recalled by the participants. While interviewing, it is vital to show the photos to every participant from a particular age group because they contribute differently to the photo components because of the place experience. So, this study is not about a set of instructions or tools but experiences about the process or approach to constructing ethnographic knowledge.</p>Seda MeralBerrak Karaca ŞalgamcıoğluMehmet Emin Şalgamcıoğlu
Copyright (c) 2023 Seda Meral, Berrak Karaca Şalgamcıoğlu, Mehmet Emin Şalgamcıoğlu
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)30031610.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3099Evolution of interior space design criteria on the quality of urban environment: Literature review
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/167
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Efforts to increase the quality of this environment have been going on since the beginning of the concern for shelter in the history of humanity. The main targets of the user, designers, practitioners, and decision-makers are to carry the quality of life, health, safety, and welfare of individuals and other living things to the next level. Problems have been identified to increase the function and quality of the space, spatial requirements have been determined, and researched, and some design factors have been determined to reach the most appropriate solution. The researchers focused on the proposition that the effectiveness of these factors before and during the design process would increase the quality of the space. However, since research generally focuses on indoor quality, the outdoor quality factors that are part of urban design are not clear. This work, was designed to evaluate the usability of these factors, which were determined and measured especially to deal with the interior, in designs at larger scales (street, neighborhood, city…) and to improve the existing. In designs outside the spatial scale, where almost all factors can be controlled by the relevant stakeholders of the process, the subject is approached through changeable and unchangeable parameters and their balancing. Studies on the factors determined during the process were compiled and their effects on different scales were evaluated as a result of these compilations. As a result of the evaluation, some suggestions were given. In the process of redesigning the space, selecting feasible suggestions, and incorporating them into the creation of the future physical space, using the suggestions as urban rehabilitation tools, and considering these interventions to be flexible and suitable for various factors are of great importance for the psychology of the users.</span></p>Seda Şimşekİlker ErkanFadime DikerArzu Şahin
Copyright (c) 2023 Seda Şimşek, İlker Erkan, Fadime Diker, Arzu Şahin
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)25828510.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3097Reinterpreting “Sustainability” and “Resilience” in the post-pandemic urban planning paradigm
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/166
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><a name="OLE_LINK8"></a><span lang="EN-US">In the past three years, there has been no crisis more "unexpected" than the COVID-19 epidemic, which was deemed as pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Indeed, urban planning must play a significant role in resolving the pandemic dilemma. So, given that pandemics are natural disasters and environmental factors are their primary cause, how is it possible we are still experiencing this outbreak even though “resilience” and “sustainability” principles are ingrained in urban planning paradigms? Accordingly, it is essential to grasp how to incorporate “sustainability” and “resilience” ideas into urban planning processes and to develop the institutional capability to manage and monitor these procedures. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to clarify how sustainability and resilience principles might help to define the essential elements of the "post-pandemic" urban planning paradigm through conceptual analysis and a thorough assessment as the methodology. The first section discusses the necessity of the two most relevant concepts of urban planning paradigms; “sustainability” and “resilience” to tackle with pandemics, followed by the discussion of the “pandemic city” and “post-pandemic city” concepts. Finally, the last chapter explores how the attributes of resilience and sustainability can contribute to “post-pandemic urban planning” paradigm.</span></p>Zeynep Deniz Yaman Galantini
Copyright (c) 2023 Zeynep Deniz Yaman Galantini
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2023-12-312023-12-314(Special Issue)657710.47818/DRArch.2023.v4si110Fractal and geography: Fractal scanning in three different urban areas of Elazığ
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/164
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">The study of systems' ability to self-organize, internal structural balance, and space partitioning is the focus of a larger body of theories produced by mathematicians in the second half of the twenty-first century, which includes fractal theory and analysis. These theories focus on how the distribution of forms and urban functions within an urban agglomeration, the sequencing of the settlement system, the choice of a specific style of localization, or the evolution of urban sprawl is influenced by a region with inhomogeneous characteristics. The study's objective is to quantify how urban macro-forms reflect urban space. It is aimed to use fractal analysis, one of the methods that examine the structure of urban areas, as a measurement technique and to increase the recognition of this method in the community. When performing fractal analysis, the study area is generally evaluated holistically. Determining the place of the parts that make up this whole within the analysis is another aim of the study. The most basic method used in the study is the Fractal Analysis method. In order to make a relevant evaluation, Fractalyse 3.0 program was used. Two bases were created for the urban spots to be used in the program. While one of these bases is the parcels of Elazığ city center, the other one is buildings. In order to measure the parts of the whole mentioned as one of the aims of the study, three different regions of the city were identified and fractal analyzes were carried out separately for those regions. The study field covers all the central 42 neighborhoods where Elazığ city develops. According to the results obtained from the analysis, the Fractal dimension value of the city was 1.62. This value is a very interesting result as it is considered a transition criterion for cities to be fringed and compact. Accordingly, Elazığ city is a fringed city in the process of becoming compact. In the analysis of three different sections containing the parts that make up the whole, the fractal value of Doğukent neighborhood, located in the easternmost part of Elazığ city, was calculated as 1.70. This area, which has a compact structure, presents a positive response against the urban sprawl. The sample taken from the central part of the city, called the Center, showed a high value of 1.89 in fractal dimension. The fractal dimension value of the sample selected from the south of the city showed a high fringed result of 1.32.</span></p>Emrah Şıkoğlu
Copyright (c) 2023 Emrah Şıkoğlu
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)40041010.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3105Climate resilience and energy performance of future buildings in Nigeria based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/163
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><a name="_Hlk152156966"></a><span lang="EN-US">The predicted rise in global temperature by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC appeals for a review of the methods and materials used for building construction for reduced emissions and comfort in buildings. Buildings account for the most carbon emissions in the globe. This study presents the impact of temperature change across the 36 state capitals in Nigeria, and the Federal Capital Territory, FCT, based on Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs 4.5 for 2020 and 8.5 for 2090. A simple studio apartment with optimised alternatives for retrofits and new builds was simulated using EnergyPlus for both climate scenarios to determine the strategies for improving the energy performance of future buildings. The result of the study shows a significant increase in mean monthly outdoor temperature of about 5⁰c across the states, with potential heat stress affecting buildings in future climates. Moreover, about one-third of the locations experience a shift in climatic zones to hotter ones. The impact of this climate drift will be more severe in the Northcentral and Southwest regions of the country. The design strategies recommended to mitigate the effects of a changing climate focused on building envelope insulation, thermal mass, and solar shading. The performance of the optimised models under future scenarios accounts for up to 25% and 73% savings in cooling energy for retrofits and new builds, respectively. To protect existing buildings from the impact of future climates, developers must make massive investments in solar shading of buildings. In contrast, a combination of envelope insulation and solar shading strategies proves effective for new builds.</span></p>Mark AlegbeGwaza Mtaver
Copyright (c) 2023 Mark Alegbe, Gwaza Mtaver
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)35437110.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3102An analysis of spatial designs produced through mid-journey in relation to creativity standards
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/161
<p>The purpose of this study is to comprehend how the artistic spaces developed by designer Hassan Ragab using Midjourney, one of the artificial intelligence technologies whose significance is growing every day, fit into the intersection of architecture and art. Using the random sampling method, six space modellings with three distinct forms and functions were selected for the study from the artistic spaces made by Hassan Ragab via Midjourney. People who have received or are undergoing design training were surveyed to analyze their perception of creative design principles in selected works. A total of 200 participants from two distinct design sub-professional groups were subjected to the research. According to the study, artificial intelligence offers a way for people without artistic ability to access art. Midjourney is an AI research lab with its own program and online platform that generates artwork from provided text. By using Midjourney, architectural designs can be turned into artistic works. Experts have found that most spatial designers have yet to try Midjourney and that the program has a significant impact on creative design principles like fluency, flexibility, elaboration, originality and freedom.</p>Menşure Kübra MüezzinoğluSerpil AkanHalil Yasin DilekYelda Güçlü
Copyright (c) 2023 Menşure Kübra Müezzinoğlu, Serpil Akan, Halil Yasin Dilek, Yelda Güçlü
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)28629910.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3098Conceptual analysis of livable cities in the context of Ted Talks
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/157
<p>Today, livable urban spaces are very important in terms of the healthy conduct of both individual and social life. Shaped in line with human needs such as education, housing, economy, cultural and social life, the city and the livability of the city is one of the current discussion topics with its variable and dynamic structure in addition to the factors it contains. From this point of view, the concept of "livability" has been questioned in the context of urban planning. Considering the temporal resilience of cities, the semantic dimension - qualitative studies - and therefore concepts are very powerful tools. Concepts are the basis of interpretation or theorizing. The aim of the study is to develop a different perspective by revealing the measurability of more livable and happier cities and the criteria they contain through discussions and discourses on this subject. In this context, the TED platform, which is easily accessible by large masses today and popular in terms of social awareness, has been used. The content of 65 texts focusing on urban research in TED Talks between 2007 and 2023 has been analyzed and a conceptual analysis has been made through NVivo, a qualitative analysis program. The content analysis method has been used in the evaluation of the texts, and discussions and interpretations have been made based on frequency frequencies. In light of the data obtained, it has been seen that more livable cities have been associated with the codes "architectural design", "technology", "energy" and "climate" respectively. As a result; it can be said that the concept of urban livability cannot be independent of the climate crisis, ecology discussions, and energy efficiency discourses as a solution to this crisis, and architectural designs that follow the technological level of the age, and the parameters discussed in the face of changing needs and situations over time can also change.</p>Nur YılmazGamze Atay
Copyright (c) 2023 Nur Yılmaz, Gamze Atay
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)17518810.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2091An overview of fringe belt literature through studies from different perspectives
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/156
<p>The fringe belt phenomenon, which was conceptually put forth by Herbert Luis in 1936, developed by M.R.G. Conzen starting from 1960, and placed on a historico-geographical basis in the context of urban rent theories by J.W.R. Whitehand, has been studied by researchers with different perspectives in cities developed with distinct socio-economic and cultural dynamics in various parts of the world. This paper aims to reveal how the fringe belt concept, which emerged within the Conzenian tradition of urban morphology turn into a phenomenon, has been handled from the time it first appeared to the present, to examine the contribution of different perspectives to the fringe belt literature and to present suggestions for the development of the concept. Selected from peer-viewed journals and academic conferences, 53 different fringe belt studies were examined according to their publication periods, within the framework of spatial, economic, social, and planning perspectives previously discussed by <a href="#Ünlü2013">Ünlü (2013)</a> as well as the ecological perspective. In this context, the selected studies are examined based on the case areas, methodology, and main findings on fringe belt formation and change. Property perspective is discussed as a hybrid approach in fringe belt studies. Finally, further research proposals are emphasized in order to realize the fringe belt phenomenon as durable and sustainable urban spaces.</p>Ezgi Küçük Çalışkan
Copyright (c) 2023 Ezgi Küçük Çalışkan
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)16017410.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2090The Oblique Function Theory in search of a dynamic and fluid urban morphology
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/153
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Today's cities are dynamic nodes where copious urban flows intersect. These flows have distinguished characteristics: the flow of money, the flow of vehicles, the flow of people who migrate, and the flow of information. The flows' amalgamation, intersection, and conflict form contemporary urban configuration and space. Many methods, such as historico-geographical, process typological, and space syntax in urban morphology studies, aspire to analyze, discuss, and design these flows. These, which have been practiced in English, Italian and French schools in Europe since the 1960s, have allowed the development of different research methodologies in the search for urban form. The article examines the postmodernist urban topo-morphological approaches, which developed in parallel with the French typo-morphological method influenced by the Italian school and the urban space perception studies of Gordon Cullen and Kevin Lynch through the Oblique Function Theory. In order to go beyond the Cartesian urban plan analysis of typo-morphological methodologies, topo-morphological approaches reexamine flows with paradigms of urban topological surface, fluid and dynamic morphologies, and architecture-landscape-infrastructure integrity. The Oblique Function Theory was theorized by architect Claude Parent and philosopher and urban theorist Paul Virilio in 1963 under the <em>Architecture Principe</em> group as an example of these approaches. Parent and Virilio use and utilize inclined surfaces, rejecting archetypal spatial components such as columns, walls, and roofs. The duo with inclined surfaces extrapolates the concepts of habitable circulation, mediated structure, fluid, and dynamic form in their projects with a topological perspective. Through urban sections rather than urban plans, form a topological and oblique urban order dominated and ushered by flows. The paper discusses Parent's oblique projects: <em>Les Inclisites</em> in 1968; <em>Les Ponts Urbains</em> in 1971; and <em>Incision Urbaine</em> in the 2000s, obtained from slightly researched archival materials and drawings to argue whether contemporary urban dynamics and flows would possibly create a contemporary urban morphology methodology and sui generis tropes with topo-morphological approaches.</span></p>Ertuğ ErpekEsin Kömez Dağlıoğlu
Copyright (c) 2023 Ertuğ Erpek, Esin Kömez Dağlıoğlu
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)14815910.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2089Swallowed by the urbanization: Spatial evolution of Adana Bağlarbaşı District
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/155
<p>Vineyard (Turkish: bağ) culture is a common urban phenomenon in Çukurova region communities, which have strong ties with the land, due to the favorable climate and soil conditions. Adana's historic city center and some of the vineyard settlements to the north of this area lost their rural settlement characteristic and started to be built up as a result of Hermann Jansen's planning studies that started in the 1930s, and the city continued its development as planned towards the vineyard settlements (Turkish: bağlar) to the north. Although Gazipaşa, Ziyapaşa, and Namık Kemal Neighborhoods, which were examined within the scope of the study, were planned as a result of these planning studies, they were not built according to the plan. Thus, the implemented part of the Jansen Plan was defined by the railway line located to the south of these three neighborhoods. As a result, these three neighborhoods turned into an area where vineyards began on the periphery of the planned built-up areas and became known as Bağlarbaşı (starts of vineyard area). The aim of the study is to make a morphological analysis of the transformation of the three neighborhoods formed in the area where the vineyards, which previously had a rural settlement texture, disappeared as a result of the urbanization pressure that started in the 1950s, starting from 1950 to the present day, and to examine the process dynamics and to determine the general characteristics of the vineyard culture and houses in the study area. In the study area, morphological analyses were carried out by comparing aerial photographs from 1950, 1954, 1961, current maps from 1985 and 2019, zoning plans dated 1940, 1969 and current data. In addition, the transformation was documented with photographs from various archives and oral history research was utilized. Two vineyard houses in the area were surveyed to determine their spatial characteristics. The data obtained through the studies coincide with Marcel Poëte's assertion that "the memory of a city survives in the physical structure of that city". It has been determined that today's parcel boundaries, main roads, and streets, physical formations such as thresholds and reinforcements of the three neighborhoods bear traces of the period when the neighborhoods were vineyards and gardens. In the area, a small number of vineyard houses (cottages), which are in parallel with the typological characteristics of the traditional Turkish House, have survived to the present day, albeit in ruins.</p>Aytaç TaşkınF. Duygu Saban
Copyright (c) 2023 Aytaç Taşkın, F. Duyfu Saban
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)20421810.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2093Nature-based Solutions for climate-resilient cities: A proposal of a model for successful implementation
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/154
<p>Nature-based Solutions (NbS) were introduced by the IUCN for the first time, but today have different definitions in the literature. NbS are deemed the key to urban sustainability and aim to enhance the built environment through ecological and environmental interventions to support the built environment for future extremes of climate change and related hazards. NbS include blue and green infrastructures, ecological engineering, ecosystem services and ecosystem-based adaptation. Various frameworks defined different key considerations and the literature suggests plenty of frameworks towards successful NbS applications. Current debates critique the extent to which innovative and adaptive the solutions are, whether they are implemented by considering social values and social equity, and the financial burden they often bring which strengthens the disparities between the world cities. Uncontrolled urbanization often causes cities to become an environmental problem. This paper conducts a literature review to lay out the current debates and to highlight the multidimensionality of NbS. It focuses on the potential of NbS in disaster risk reduction and so the paper draws a framework to successfully implement and provide improvements for NbS based on the theoretical ground. NbS are investments in the life quality of the residents and preventive tools in the risk management of cities. The paper attempted to frame the NbS clearer for scholars interested in the subject.</p>Didem Günes Yılmaz
Copyright (c) 2023 Didem Gunes Yılmaz
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)18920310.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2092Smart urban management of green space
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/152
<p>This paper aims to explore the concept and applications of smart urban green spaces within the context of sustainable cities. It emphasizes the importance of urban green spaces in providing ecological, social, and economic benefits, such as carbon sequestration, air and water purification, and improved well-being. The paper delves into integrating advanced technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), sensor networks, and data analytics, to create smart urban green spaces that optimize resource efficiency and enhance maintenance and operations. Sustainable practices, such as water conservation and biodiversity preservation, are examined for their role in ensuring the long-term viability and resilience of green spaces. The challenges and potential barriers to implementing smart urban green spaces, such as funding and governance issues, are discussed, as well as strategies for overcoming them. Additionally, the paper presents case studies and examples from around the world to showcase successful initiatives in creating smart urban green spaces. By exploring these concepts and applications, this paper contributes to the understanding and advancement of smart urban management of green spaces for sustainable cities.</p>Alaa Ababneh
Copyright (c) 2023 Alaa Ababneh
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2023-12-172023-12-174(Special Issue)33935310.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i3101Evaluation of an alternative approach to increase productivity in architecture project studios through student projects
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/151
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Studio courses in architectural education are undoubtedly among the most important courses that prepare students for professional design life. A given project should be guided with the support of the instructors and should include a simulation of the process in professional business life. Despite this, research shows that there is a disconnect between academia and the professional process. In addition to the fact that the educational process tries to add a different understanding to the student, professional life cannot find the middle point with academic education due to the constant changes in regulations due to rent and similar reasons. In such an environment, giving meaning to projects with an idealistic understanding, offering a thematic experience and producing holistic buildings with identity increases the importance of alternative approaches in project studios in educational processes. Although it is not possible to prevent the emergence of identity-less and rent-oriented products in the market only through architectural education, approaches that will increase productivity in this education will also increase students' expectations from the profession. The conceptual approach, which is one of these alternatives, can be defined as creating a network of relationships based on a basic idea. This network of relationships allows the concept to be transformed into a concrete structure by distributing it to all project processes without moving away from the context and with an inclusive approach. In this study, first of all, the conceptual approach in design education will be emphasized and general definitions will be made, and Studio-2, Studio-3, and Studio-4 courses in Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Architecture in 2021-2022 will be evaluated with a conceptual approach. With this approach, it has been concluded that the student's design perception and thinking technique can be developed by creating concept-based, original, and holistic, and focusing on the missing aspects of professional life in project courses.</span></p>Melih KurnalıCeyhun Şekerci
Copyright (c) 2023 Melih Kurnalı, Ceyhun Şekerci
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)24425710.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2096Understanding the interplay of light, color, and interior design in healthcare spaces
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/150
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><a name="_Hlk142918251"></a><span lang="EN-US">Healthcare facilities have evolved from strictly functional to therapeutic places, integrating spiritual and psychological components of health. Design issues must be given specific attention to establish a therapeutic atmosphere that promotes successful therapy and stress alleviation. Color and light have a tremendous influence on the human mind and body, according to extensive studies, making them critical aspects of healthcare facility design. This study’s approach is to contribute to the construction of more effective therapeutic settings by investigating the effects of color and light on human wellness and providing design alternatives. So, it tries to provide a complete design paradigm that combines the strategic use of color and light in healthcare facility interior design. Because healthcare institutions play an important role in improving general well-being, this approach can help to create more effective healing settings. To provide the theoretical framework and collect data, this study uses a combination of library studies and descriptive research. The research initially investigates the notion of color and light, then explains their impact on physical and mental health disorders, as well as their use in therapeutic settings. The study concludes with the creation of a conceptual model and recommended design solutions for healthcare facilities. </span></p>Navid Khaleghimoghaddam
Copyright (c) 2023 Navid Khaleghimoghaddam
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)21923110.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2094An approach for the material selection and use in industrial-energy facilities
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/148
<p>The place and characteristics of architectural structures in the developing production, industry and energy fields are important at the point of architecture being a versatile and interdisciplinary practice. Industrial-energy facilities are buildings that are mostly established in areas outside the city and designed to be protected against environmental factors, where energy and industrial activities are carried out. Since it is a production-oriented system, it includes many different operational processes. These buildings are used for a wide range of purposes such as manufacturing, storage, and distribution. The design of an industrial building plays an important role in determining the productivity, efficiency and safety of the facility. In this view, material selection has been evaluated as a critical factor in architectural design of industrial-energy facilities. It affects the environmental sustainability, structural performance, and aesthetic appeal of the built environment. The materials used in the construction of an industrial building should also be carefully selected. These buildings experience heavy wear and tear, and therefore need to be durable and long-lasting. Steel and concrete are popular materials because of their strength and durability, while also being flexible in accommodating the changing needs of the business. This paper presents a scientific approach to material selection that considers sustainability, performance, and aesthetics criteria. Studies on the structure and other characteristics of industrial-energy facilities, which constitute the main problematic of the study, has been examined, and it has been aimed to reveal the theory and knowledge at the point of the experience of the authors. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal the architectural features, commonly used materials and material selection criteria of industrial-energy facilities by determining them through theoretical knowledge, analysis, observation and professional experience.</p>Ürün BiçerRana Ayça Derviş
Copyright (c) 2023 Ürün Biçer, Rana Ayça Derviş
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2023-08-302023-08-304(Special Issue)23224310.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i2095Citizen science projects in the context of participatory approaches: The case of Izmir
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/145
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">The term "citizen science" refers to scientific activity done entirely or in part by members of the public, frequently in cooperation with or under the guidance of licensed scientists. To better manage natural resources, monitor endangered species, and maintain protected areas, decision-makers, and non-governmental organizations increasingly turn to citizen science-based programs. A broad field, citizen science, offers numerous strategies for involving volunteers in research in various ways while including a whole range of research methodologies. Thus far, citizen science initiatives have been successful in advancing scientific understanding, and the advancements made by citizen scientists give a significant amount of data globally. The subject of citizen science is spreading rapidly, and its legitimacy is increasing. It also involves enhancing scientific research by utilizing a variety of subjects and data sources. Citizen science has the potential to increase stakeholder engagement, bring in new perspectives, and foster new forms of participation. Also, many initiatives are being developed in cutting-edge scientific fields. These programs now aim to solve an urgent issue or provide an answer to a research question while simultaneously enhancing community participation in science and influencing long-term policy implementation. The study utilizes to examine the citizen science projects in Izmir, Turkey according to the concepts and categorizations in the literature review in a systematic way to understand their participation levels and their potential.</span></p>Pelin ÖzdenKoray Velibeyoğlu
Copyright (c) 2023 Pelin Özden, Koray Velibeyoğlu
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)314610.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1081Basic design course through art-based research in interior architecture education
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/144
<p>This article presents the basic design course applications based on the design education of first-year interior architecture students. This study aims to emphasize the importance of education in the design-oriented thinking process with practice through the content of the basic design course. Within the scope of the study, art-based research in interior architecture education was carried out and the intersections of its results are described. In the studio, basic design elements and principles were conveyed with the techniques commonly taught in schools and architectural movements were given to students as term papers for research. The study directs the student to create 2D and 3D compositions by combining the studies he/she has done during the term and the research assignment. The findings show that students can reflect on their research on architectural movements to new three-dimensional abstract spaces by combining them with basic design education. While grounding this reflection, design process of the students is based on form and elements without color. The results also show a significant correlation between students’ practices and Gestalt Principles. This article emphasizes the importance of applying basic elements and principles of design and being integrated with field-specific studies to achieve better results in design education. This study is an experimental and original studio product. With the basic design education given only in the first semester, the students were given examples to determine and understand forms and approaches without color knowledge, especially through basic principles, using architectural movements instead of abstract expression.</p>Nilay Özsavaş Uluçay
Copyright (c) 2023 Nilay Özsavaş Uluçay
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)13614710.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1088An inquiry on rebel cities: How spatial morphology sets the stage for urban movements
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/143
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><a name="OLE_LINK4"></a>The common thread to urban movements happening worldwide in recent years is the fact that urban public space is used as a significant setting by city dwellers for expressing their “objections”. What has been experienced throughout urban movements when public spaces have been occupied enables us to grasp the meaning of occupied spaces in the city thus allowing us to get to know societies and cities. Therefore, this research has investigated the impact of urban public space on the consciousness, interaction and gathering of city dwellers as well as urban movements. Within the scope of the research, eight “rebel cities” have been analyzed, and have interviews with participants of urban movements from these cities. These are Tunis, Cairo, Barcelona, London, New York, Dublin, Paris, and Hamburg, respectively. The places where urban movements were visible in urban space and their surroundings have been analyzed using the Space Syntax method, and the gathering/unification/integration potential of public space has been spatially investigated by determining the characteristics of urban patterns. Accordingly, the city affects the formation of urban movements with its spatial pattern. In the case of Merida city, which constitutes the control sample and which was not affected by the urban movements that spread to the whole world, this finding is also supported. With the results obtained in the research, the significance of public space, as an essential element contributing to the formation of urban movements, has been proven. This study further reveals the possibility of urban spaces allowing social encounters and its importance in terms of democracy.</p>Elif Vurucular KesimciAyşen Ciravoğlu
Copyright (c) 2023 Elif Vurucular Kesimci, Ayşen Ciravoğlu
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)536410.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1083Comparison of spatial distribution of pharmacies in Istanbul between 1997-2022
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/142
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">In this study, the spatial distribution of pharmacies is investigated in Istanbul by taking into consideration their important role for the health care delivery system. First, the growth of the number of pharmacies is compared with the growth rate of population at the city level during the last two decades within perspective of changes in health care delivery policies. Then, the growth of the number of pharmacies is compared with respect to the population growth rate of the core, intermediate and peripheral zones. The second, the changes in the pharmacy market areas are compared at the city level and in the core, intermediate and peripheral zones within the same period. Third, the regression analysis is used to show the relationships between the number of pharmacies in the districts and the population, number of hospital beds and number of physicians during the same period of time. Suggestions are made for more balanced distribution of pharmacies in order to prevent bankruptcies while sufficient accessibility provided for the customers, and for future research.</span></p>Hasan MutluBaşak Billur MutluVedia Dökmeci
Copyright (c) 2023 Vedia Dökmeci, Hasan Mutlu, Başak Billur Mutlu
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)475210.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1082A systematic review on artificial intelligence applications in architecture
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/139
<p>Since the advent and usage of artificial intelligence approaches in architecture, a significant number of studies have focused on integrating technological solutions to architectural issues. Artificial intelligence applications in architectural design range from intelligent material design to architectural plan solutions. The ubiquity and distribution of research in this field, as well as the rising use of artificial intelligence techniques to solve design challenges, require an analytical classification of the essential literature review. This article presents a descriptive and analytical review of the work on artificial intelligence applications in architecture. A strong review has been made that identifies and addresses the gaps in artificial intelligence and architecture; and the literature review is transformed into statistical plots. The study's findings indicate a growing interest in artificial intelligence in the field of architecture. There is a need for novel research to be conducted in these areas using advanced technology and techniques.</p>Buse BölekOsman TutalHakan Özbaşaran
Copyright (c) 2023 Buse Bölek, Osman Tutal, Hakan Özbaşaran
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)9110410.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1085Alternative window wall ratio of glasses with different solar heat gain coefficient and solar transmittance and their effect on total energy consumption in alternative directions
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/140
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Energy simulation model of the building of Eskişehir Technical University Industrial Engineering Department Academic and Administrative Staff rooms were created in this study carried in the scope of energy efficiency and performance of buildings. In the aforementioned energy simulation mode, in line with the International Measurement, Verification and Energy Needs Standards and Protocol (IPMVP) “energy consumption verification”; heating energy, indoor-outdoor environment and climate data were defined, energy consumption verification was carried out and a realistic model was achieved. Using the realistic model achieved, alternative directions were applied to alternative window wall ratios thereby calculating “reference energy consumptions” in “reference building models”. Energy consumptions, calculated by applying alternative glass types to reference models, were then compared with reference energy consumptions</span></p>Hakan ÜnalanEmrah Gökaltun
Copyright (c) 2023 Hakan Ünalan, Emrah Gökaltun
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)12213510.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1087Beyond luck: The key to profitable residential real estate investments for individual investors in Türkiye
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/137
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf">Individual residential investors are influenced by the media and their environment in their investment preferences, as they lack the experience of property investors and professional residential investors. Concerns about regret, fears of further property price rises and social circumstances put pressure on investors. Under these conditions, are individual housing investors seeing all the opportunities in the housing market? What types of buyers are taking advantage of these opportunities? This study aims to create tools to help individual residential investors identify opportunity periods in the market, analyse such opportunities retrospectively and test consumer behaviours in response to these opportunities. We analysed the opportunity for access to housing, the opportunity of lower loan interest rates and the opportunity of lower housing prices in Türkiye in the 120 months between 2013 and 2022 using the income-housing price scale. We analysed residential sales (total, credit and cash) in the opportunity periods resulting from the equations set up for the opportunity periods. We tested the criteria for selecting opportunity periods using the analysis of variation (ANOVA) method. We analysed changes in consumer preferences for credit and cash home purchases during periods of opportunity. We found that residential investors did not use the opportunity of accessing residential properties, and that cash home buyers used the opportunities of residential loan interest rates and residential price declines.</p>Celal Erdogdu
Copyright (c) 2023 Celal Erdogdu
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)659010.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1084Resilience in the shadow of systemic risks
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/135
<p>Systemic risks possess a high level of complexity and uncertainty that can be latent behind the veil of initial stress of possible disasters. They refer to, on the one hand, the functionality of interconnected systems and, on the other hand, the probability of indirect losses which can propagate through larger territories. Once considering the solid definition of resilience by the United Nations, the emphasis tends on systems’ ability to different facets of disturbance rather than the performance of the sum of each singular entity confronting the main shock. This paper aims to provide a broader perspective and a systematic review focusing on the commons of resilience and systemic risks in the frame of risk mitigation. The outcomes highlight the urgency of multidisciplinary actions, which have not been achieved yet since the 1999s earthquakes.</p>Seda Kundak
Copyright (c) 2023 Seda Kundak
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)011510.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1079Agglomeration of population and employment in the urbanization - industrialization interaction: The case of Izmir
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/134
<p>As production and economic activities shaped the growth of cities during the pre-industrial era, they are still the most important factors explaining modern urbanization. Economic restructuring is being reshaped with agglomeration economies, bringing spatial restructuring with it. Regional economic growth, emergence of new centers and production foci are formed in the equilibria of positive and negative externalities of agglomeration. Positive externalities do not arise solely from internal economies of scale related to factors of production such as easy accessibility in the region. It also results from external economies of scale, including economies of localization and urbanization. On the other hand, as cities grow the attractiveness of large agglomeration and advantages of economies of scale decrease. Negative externalities in the larger agglomerations may eventually lead to decreasing returns to scale in cities. Economic view of regional science and geography considers cities maintaining equilibrium between two competing forces, i.e., centripetal forces (agglomeration) and centrifugal forces (dispersion). This study examines recent agglomeration and dispersion processes in the settlement pattern from the relationship between urbanization and economic growth. To do so, we take Izmir as a case and use general explanatory variables such as population and employment. Specifically, we investigate spatial agglomeration in the Izmir city region and metropolitan area by using population and employment data of 2009 and 2019. Based on empirical results, we discuss new sub-regions, urban centers, and clustering that emerged due to economies of scale as well as positive and negative externalities of agglomeration.</p>Emine YetiskulFahrettin Kul
Copyright (c) 2023 Emine Yetişkul, Fahrettin Kul
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)163010.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1080Analyzing design and planning trends in medical research laboratories and workplace environments: A benchmarking study
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/133
<p>Architects and planners typically rely on past experiences and exclusive methods to determine the allocation of space and planning costs. However, the actual space allocations and physical attributes of laboratory and workplace environments require further exploration, highlighting the need for more research. To address this knowledge gap, this study compared three medical research facilities' architectural, casework, and module properties to identify essential space allocations, physical attributes, and future research directions. The study utilized REVIT models to collect floor plans of three medical research facilities within the last twelve years, with variables of interest including room classification size, Building Gross Footage (BGSF), Departmental Gross Footage (DGSF), laboratory module size, and module quantity per laboratory. Space Syntax analysis was used to compare connectivity measures across the three buildings. The findings demonstrated a trend towards laboratory spaces that maximize collaboration, flexibility, and efficiency while balancing open and private workspaces. Laboratory support spaces per laboratory room increased, potentially due to a demand for greater flexibility and spatial needs. Lab workstations were relocated outside laboratory areas to enhance safety and reduce costs. The analysis also revealed a shift towards smaller lab modules with larger widths to reduce redundancy, support safer distances, reduce travel distances, and increase the number of modules per lab. Furthermore, contemporary lab workspaces had higher connectivity values, indicating a trend towards more connected, collaborative spaces that encourage meetings and spontaneous interactions. This study highlights the importance of continuously evaluating and optimizing laboratory space allocation and design to promote productivity, efficiency, and collaboration in medical research facilities. Future research should conduct longitudinal studies using empirical data to address the limitations of current research.</p>Zahra Zamani
Copyright (c) 2023 Zahra Zamani
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2023-04-302023-04-304(Special Issue)10512110.47818/DRArch.2023.v4i1086Knowledge and power relations: In a migration storytelling, Derviş Zaim's Film Flashdrive
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/132
<p>Starting from Gilles Deleuze's (1989, p.59) concepts of "worldization" or/and "world-image" we should consider the intersection of cinema, architecture and storytelling as an act of thinking about "world-building". Because only such action takes us through creative and political stories that will enable us to understand why the cities of the future are migrant camps. <em>Flashdrive</em> doesn't just give us a refugee camp story; also maps the spatio-temporal distinctions of the survival journey. It presents a migration story shaped by media dispositifs and spatial dispositifs in which power and knowledge are articulated.</p>Işıl Baysan Serim
Copyright (c) 2022 Işıl Baysan Serim
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)16016910.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si078Exploring lost spaces towards regaining them for urban life: The case of Konya historical city center
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/130
<p>The functions, values, and meanings of cities, which have been in constant change and transformation throughout history, are changing in response to rapidly changing conditions, particularly in recent times. The areas where this change can be observed most concretely are generally urban spaces. Some places in the city, which cannot keep up with this speed, may lose their structural or functional use over time and remain idle when they are not fed or equipped with suitable activities that will integrate with the environmental character and bring vitality. Therefore, within the very valuable urban land, they may become lost spaces for the city. It seems very important to regain such spaces in the rhythm of daily urban life, considering that they have strong economic, social, and physical potential, as well as being lost. From this point of view, the aim of the study is to identify the lost spaces in the historical city center of Konya, which was chosen as the sample area, and to identify the urban space(s) that should be intervened in with priority among the identified lost spaces. The Trancik method was used to find the lost spaces in the area using detailed analysis. With the help of figure-ground, linkage, and place theories in Roger Trancik's book titled "Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design" (1986), both morphological analyses (figure-ground and linkage analyses) and questionnaires and cognitive maps were used to understand "place" and measure its perceptibility. The research to understand the "place" was carried out with a total of 50 people using the random sampling technique. Then, within the scope of the study, all the findings obtained from figure-ground, linkage, and place analyses were synthesized, and all lost spaces within the sample area were determined. Among these identified lost spaces, Kılıçarslan Square and its environs were determined to be the most undetected, unused, disliked, and first intervention requested by the participants. This result underlines the necessity of saving an important public space in the heart of the city from its current transition space and using it more effectively through scientific evidence. This result underlines the necessity of saving an important public space in the heart of the city from its current transition space and using it more effectively through scientific evidence. With its effective use, the area will be reintroduced to the city.</p>Büşra ÜnalKadriye (Deniz) Topçu
Copyright (c) 2022 Büşra Ünal, Kadriye (Deniz) Topçu
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2022-12-212022-12-214(Special Issue)34837510.47818/DRArch.2022.v3i3062Who is designing for whom? A critical design studio approach
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/120
<p>Studio studies can easily be defined as the cornerstone of the discipline in departments giving architectural education. Although the educational process differs in educational institutions and among the educators, its main purpose is always to give the best experience on design process to the students and to bring together different space designs and functions with certain criteria. Although it is often stated to the contrary, it is generally difficult to get the necessary support from the social sciences in studio work. For students, considering the design with sociological data and creating a concept can be perceived as a waste of time, since the user experience cannot be observed in a project that will not be implemented in the real life and it will often create differences that cannot be measured. Dealing with form, color, and material instead can help impress teachers and other students in the studio much more easily. Students often act pragmatically and choose the method that promises them a higher score in a shorter way, as creating a charming product in studio will seem more powerful while a deep research on the sociologic and ecologic background cannot reflect themselves easily on a render. Although very different user profiles were determined for the same area at the beginning of the design process, it may cause that the resulting products cannot create enough characteristic differences in the end. The aim of this research is to examine whether the projects differ in terms of functionality regarding their different user profiles determined by the students, based on the studio work of Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Landscape Architecture within the scope of Environmental Design and Project II course. As a result of the examination, it has been determined that although the designer and customer profile are different, the morphological differences in designs are not perceived very easily, which means the methodology in the studios should be examined again.</p>Alperen MeralEmrah YalçınalpÖzgür Demirci
Copyright (c) 2022 Alperen Meral, Emrah Yalçınalp, Özgür Demirci
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2022-12-212022-12-214(Special Issue)41842410.47818/DRArch.2022.v3i3066New possibilities of living together in post-humanist society: Interior and furniture design for pets
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/119
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf" style="margin-right: 106.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US">With their various physical differences, pets have to live with their owners in interiors, which is designed according to human scale. On the other hand, human-specific anthropometric measurements, which are the basic parameters in space design, are not sufficient to provide ergonomics in indoor spaces, which are also living spaces for pets. The hypothesis of this study, in which current examples of interior and furniture designs suitable for the physical needs of pets, whose numbers are increasing day by day, are discussed with an inclusive approach in interior architecture; It has been determined as 'when the interiors where pets live are redesigned according to the characteristics of the animals, ergonomics is provided for 'all living things' in the common living areas. The subject of common living space in the literature; Although it has been investigated in interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive psychology, zoology, and architecture on topics such as biodiversity, sustainability, animal welfare, and animal behavior, the subject of 'space organization of shared living spaces shared with domestic animals' as a new approach in the field of interior architecture has not been sufficiently discussed. For this reason, the research is a pioneering and descriptive study in terms of drawing attention to current practices in terms of conceptual infrastructure, architectural design, space organization, application examples and experimental models, making a systematic review of existing studies on the subject, and identifying new trends in the field of interior architecture. The aim of the research is to expand the interior design, which is a multidimensional subject, to include spaces designed for living with pets, in particular the arrangement of common living spaces. Since subjects such as interior design, interior architecture, and design have a wide field of research, the scope of the study is limited to the specific space and furniture designs designed for pets in terms of ease of research. In the descriptive study, the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was preferred as a research method to review the existing status of the researches in the field of design within the existing sample applications. As a result of the study, it has been understood that the 'interior and furniture design for pets' approach is a design approach that is open to development, is an inclusive application in the interior and has a high potential to be preferred.</span></p>Neşe Başak YurttaşDamla Altuncu
Copyright (c) 2022 Neşe Başak Yurttaş, Damla Altuncu
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2022-12-212022-12-214(Special Issue)28129410.47818/DRArch.2022.v3i3058Spatial habits in residential kitchens and the searches for flexibility in kitchen design
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/118
<p>While rising urban populations, as a result of industrialization, narrowed the buildable areas in cities, at the same time the World Wars I and II increased the demand for housing. In addition, the change of social dynamics and production models and the development of technology have also been influential in the search for flexibility. Flexibility, which can be considered in many ways, is examined in this article with the space organization, equipment/outfit and time in kitchen design. At this point, the research aims to measure user-specific expectations about flexibility in kitchens design. A survey was proposed in the study, considering that the determination of spatial habits in the kitchen is determinative in terms of which parameters should be taken into account in flexibility. The aforementioned survey was applied to people between the ages of 25 and 40 who live in apartments in Istanbul and work overtime. The survey has revealed that spatial habits in the kitchen vary with the square-meter of houses and their organization scheme according to it. For example, in 1+1 and studio apartments, the connection of the kitchen with daily life is stronger, however there are difficulties in use in terms of equipment and spatial organization. On the other hand, in relatively larger residences, it was seen that not preferring to spend time in the kitchen is due to the fact that the psycho-social requirements of the functional and flexibility of the kitchens were ignored during the building production process. In the study, it is argued that while it is possible to develop more creative and multifunctional kitchen solutions in changing square-meters, it is due to the imitation of the same plan templates of build-and-sell managerships in the apartment building process in big cities.</p>Eren CanMahmut Atilla Söğüt
Copyright (c) 2022 Eren Can, Mahmut Atilla Söğüt
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2022-12-212022-12-214(Special Issue)29530710.47818/DRArch.2022.v3i3059Interpreting living urban-industrial heritage: The Jewellery Quarter, Birmingham
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/116
<p>In light of the studies related to the theory of interpretation of cultural heritage sites, the holistic interpretation approach of heritage areas has developed, and a new interpretation culture has emerged. It includes new approaches, local and regional interpretation strategies, new policies and comprehensive analysis and evaluations. The new interpretation culture is important not only to produce interpretation themes, but also to the transfer and sustainability of the values of heritage sites that need to be preserved to the society. In this context, studies are being brought up in order to find the most appropriate ways to understand and transfer living urban heritage sites; tangible and intangible values, existing or non-existent urban structures, ongoing or non-existent social and cultural practices, used or ongoing structures and all cultural and historical layers of areas. Beyond the current interpretation studies carried out for the heritage sites, it is important to develop interpretation strategies including the historical importance of the areas for living urban heritage sites and therefore complex cultural heritage areas, the connections to the places, cultural and social relations networks, urban memory, and the spirit of the place. For this purpose, the study focuses primarily on the critical viewpoint of theoretical content of the interpretation of cultural heritage sites. In the light of theoretical and practical knowledge, the research then concentrates on key themes and discussions on heritage interpretation in the UK. Accordingly, the research discusses the interpretation strategies in the Jewellery Quarter, Birmingham which is the one of the most influential areas by means of historical urban-industrial heritage site.</p>Mert Nezih Rifaioğlu
Copyright (c) 2022 Mert Nezih Rifaioğlu
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2022-12-212022-12-214(Special Issue)30832410.47818/DRArch.2022.v3i3060‘Is it me, or is it getting crazier out there?’: The psyche of the interior in Joker: An analysis of psychological space in Todd Phillips Joker (2019) through collage
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/115
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">Encounters with interior spaces are influenced by past experiences and state of mind. Much of how architecture is experienced therefore is not readily apparent and is sensed rather than seen. Psyche impacts this experience of lived space, from an individual’s awareness of themselves within it, to the perception of space itself. Film offers a distinctive representation of this subjective experience through its narrative form and command of visual, audio and temporal language. The emotive and visceral power of film render it an accessible and immersive medium, and as such make it uniquely placed to communicate less tangible qualities of space and character. This paper analyses the use of interior space in the film <em>Joker</em> (Todd Phillips, 2019). The acutely intimate discernment of the protagonist’s interior environment is the result of environmental and psychological disruption, where boundaries break down between the real and imaginary, and the surreal intrudes upon the tangible depiction of the interior. The exposition of the character’s damaged psyche within space is analysed at key points within the narrative, using collage as an exploratory, visual methodology to analyse and experiment with, to potentially reveal the less perceivable, yet invasive intangible layers of lived space. This article addresses the frequent oversight of psychological qualities of the interior in architectural discourse, through an analytical and experimental method rendering the psychological content of space visible. Defining this intangible nature of architecture as the psychosphere (or the psychological atmosphere), I term this technique the ‘psychospheric collage method’. The process consists of interrogating expressive film language and content through an architectural lens documented through sketching, storyboarding and textual enquiry. From these fragmented components I compose a new visual language capable of signifying the layered psychological atmosphere in which a character resides, thus facilitating its consideration within architectural design and enabling articulation of our intimate encounter with the interior.</span></p>Cliona BradyGul Kacmaz Erk
Copyright (c) 2022 Cliona Brady, Gul Kacmaz Erk
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)13615910.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si077Justification of panopticon in superhero movies: The Batman Movie
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/114
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><span lang="EN-US">The French Philosopher Michel Foucault argues that power extends to all areas at the micro level in Bentham's Panopticon theory, which was inspired by the architectural design of the Panopticon. He extends this metaphor to speak of Panoptisism as a social phenomenon used to discipline workforces through implicit strategies. Like Bentham, he does not limit his panoptic rhetoric to a mere prison setting, but instead applies it to schools, mental hospitals, hospitals and factories. The panopticon basically ensures the ubiquity of power by seeing it unseen. This article aims to reveal how panoptiism, a particular mode of disciplinary power used by Foucault, is normalized in superhero films. When surveillance and gaze practices are approached from the point of view of cinema; the question of how the gaze is positioned through the camera, where and through whose eyes the audience is looking, arises. The narrator of The Batman (2022) is Batman, and the narrative begins with the superhero reading his diary. In the film, it is determined that Gotham city has been transformed into a panoptic universe and Batman, who watches over this universe, is in the position of a guard. </span></p>Azime CantaşAytekin Can
Copyright (c) 2022 Azime Cantaş, Aytekin Can
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)12213510.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si076Wadi Rushmia: The variegated histories of a lost nature and community
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/113
<p>This essay will examine a place and community in the city of Haifa, Israel, that no longer exists - a resilient community that survived destruction for decades, until it gave in to the attempts of destruction and evacuation by the municipality of Haifa. The essay will review the history of the urban planning of the place as appears in surveys, maps and planning schemes, in parallel, the essay will explore the history of the place as narrated through a series of essay-form documentary films. The paper will explore the potential for a variegated, full and rich history of the resilient Wadi Rushmia and its inhabitants. It will describe the formal history of Wadi Rushmia as it appears in historical documents and planning materials such as maps and plans, and then examine its history through documentary films that use self-narrated stories of inhabitants and poetic point of view of the film maker, to challenge conventional top down planning practices. It will be argued that the destruction of the community and nature of the Wadi and its replacement by a network of roads, has turned it from what Augé (1995) refers to as a 'place', in which people have lived their everyday life, accumulating memories, time spent together, and collective history, into a 'non-place' a space of transience, in which the time of living and social communication is replaced by an accelerated temporality. The paper will then refer to film, to demonstrate the immense generative potentials presented by the filmmaking medium to research of the built environment and that using particular filming methodologies may contribute to the accumulation of multi-media knowledge of place. Film, it will be argued, works against these processes of destruction of the place, as it captures the spatial and temporal experience of the daily lives of the Wadi's community, in its final years. It will be argued that films form an alternative archive of the everyday lives of ordinary people, an archive which will not only guard the past, but also project into the future, to the imagination of a more ethical and sustainable urban reality.</p>Liat Savin Ben Shoshan
Copyright (c) 2022 Liat Savin Ben Shoshan
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)799610.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si073Sustaining cultures through cinematic space – the historical continuance of art and architectural traditions in 20 C Film
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/112
<p class="DRTEMPzetPragraf"><span lang="EN-US">This paper explores the idea of film as a medium that has been used to celebrate, develop and ultimately sustain cultural traditions in an age of globalization and technological and cultural change. It borrows ideas from the sector of heritage, namely intangible cultural heritage, and uses this to offer a framework for understanding the work of two key mid 20th century film directors, Jean Renoir and Yasujiro Ozu. Through a detailed analysis of the cinematography employed by both directors, their use of architectural space and the cultural traditions that they drew heavily upon, it explores examples how both directors used film as a medium for the reutilization of their particular cultural artistic traditions in a contemporary setting.</span></p>Graham Cairns
Copyright (c) 2022 Graham Cairns
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)294810.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si069From real spaces to virtual spaces: The metaverse and decentralized cinema
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/111
<p>Developments in computer and communication technologies, which constitute the starting point of concepts such as decentralization, virtuality, simulation, augmented reality and metaverse, have also brought new forms of expression and designs in art to the agenda. In addition to the decentralized data architecture and metaverse areas that emerged in parallel with the development of network technologies, applications that increase the user's interaction and beleaguered experience such as virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality have increased their effectiveness in this field. The metaverse spaces that emerge with the cooperation of software, art and architecture offer their users a more similar life simulation of natural life through augmented reality vehicles or screens. Here, users can perform new experiences for artistic production and consumption as well as daily life practices such as socialization and communication. Metaverse spaces, which include the design of a three-dimensional virtual universe that can be supported by augmented reality, are free from all the constraints of the real world as a cinematic plateau. It is seen as a great advantage that the real film set can create a cinematic work without expensive equipment such as cameras, lights, and sound away from all the negativities of the natural shooting conditions. The fact that the production, distribution and screening of cinema works can be realized within this field brings a new understanding of decentralized cinema to the agenda. Decentralized cinema, which has begun to rise in the expanding virtual geography of the metaverse virtual space with its advantages such as virtual characters and scenes and creative space fictions, is an art form worth examining. This study focuses on the possible future transformations of cinema in terms of production and representation in the context of the relationship of virtual and augmented reality technologies with developing metaverse areas. The emergence of a new cinematic ecology; The opportunities and obstacles it provides to producers are examined with the philosophical criticism method through concepts such as virtual and augmented reality, web 3.0, metaverse in terms of audience experiences it offers for screening. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the metaverse area has many advantages in terms of the production of cinema works, democratization of the production and distribution of works, digital privacy and security for metaverse artists, and recognition of ownership for digital works of art.</p>Murat AytasAytekin Can
Copyright (c) 2022 Murat Aytas, Aytekin Can
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)495910.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si070A survey of the representation of modern architecture in the cinema
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/110
<p>Modern architecture, a reaction to the industrialization of the 19th-century, is characterized by a lack of applied decoration, exposed structural members, materials kept in their natural state and “flat” roofs. It developed in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s, particularly in Germany, the Netherlands and France, and spread to the rest of the world after World War II. Depending on your point of view, Modern architecture can either be exciting and exhilarating or inhuman and oppressive. This article surveys these two opposite representations of Modern architecture in the cinema, beginning from its first appearance in the 1920s until today. Films directed by Marcel L’Herbier (<em>The Inhuman Woman</em>, 1924), Alfred Hitchcock (<em>North by Northwest</em>, 1959), Jacques Tati (<em>Mon Oncle</em>, 1958, and <em>Playtime</em>, 1967), Jean-Luc Godard (<em>Contempt</em>, 1963, <em>Alphaville</em>, 1965, and <em>Two or Three Things I Know About Her</em>, 1967), as well as several from the James Bond series (<em>Dr. No</em> [Terence Young, 1962], <em>Goldfinger [Guy Hamilton, </em>1964], and <em>Diamonds are Forever</em> [Guy Hamilton, 1971]) are highlighted. Culminating in a survey of like-minded films since the 1980s, the article concludes that Modern architecture in the cinema is here to stay and will continue to play an integral role in the making of films.</p>Christopher S. Wilson
Copyright (c) 2022 Christopher S. Wilson
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)606510.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si071A reflection on cinematic architecture through light, poetic imagery, narrative and social issues
https://drarch.org/index.php/drarch/article/view/109
<p><em>The Light and its Disappearance in the Darkness</em><em>;</em> The chapter begins with the question of what can be found in the integration of architecture and cinema and continues exploring light in the context of cinematic architecture theory. This is followed by a discussion of the illusions of light that emerge in spaces where cinema and architecture meet. The thought then reaches Paul Virilio's conception of the aesthetics of architecture as a metaphor for cinema from the experience of space, the image of disappearance. It suggested I make a film work, 'Hiroshima Through Light', in the AA. <em>The Experimentation in the AA Diploma Unit 3;</em> This chapter describes the exploration of cinematic architecture under the tutelage of Pascal Schöning, a unit master of the AA, which includes philosophy, aesthetics, and challenges to urban and social issues, along with his unique methodology. He explains to his former students the importance of a more philosophical approach to the notion at the end of Diploma Unit 3. That is when I see Juhani Pallasmaa's description of the need for architects to look at people's daily lives and society through a phenomenological approach, like filmmakers. My awareness moves on to a study of the architects depicted by filmmakers. <em>Image of Architects Depicted in Film;</em> The images of architects in the films of Michelangelo Antonioni, Terrence Malick and Hirokazu Kore-eda are discussed. It indicates that they are entrusted with a role of building human relationships. <em>Cinématic Architecture Tokyo</em>; This chapter outlines activities in Japan that are being rolled out in the form of workshops, lectures and exhibitions to develop the theory of cinematic architecture. The theme of the workshops held in the Hokuriku region was the revitalisation of declining local urban communities, which is also related to the previous chapter on “building human relationships”. This year, the projection attempted to embody poetic images to illuminate memories that are being lost. <em>Conclusion; </em>In addition to reflecting on essential elements such as the aesthetics of disappearing light, memory, history, poetic imagery, narrative and social issues, adding a focus on the significance of communication design, fields of sense and spatial quality, could bring new perspectives to the integration of architecture. </p>Keiichi Ogata
Copyright (c) 2022 Keiichi Ogata
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2022-12-302022-12-304(Special Issue)092810.47818/DRArch.2022.v3si068